So in our example, the XPATH is pretty short and identifies only the desired element. Luckily, in this case, there is only one element Putting it all together span means give me all span elements that have ‘Diary’ anywhere within their text.The contains(text, look for this) means look for this anywhere within the text.The text() function returns the text associated with the element.//span returns all span elements in the document, regardless of location.XPath expressions are used to select nodes or sets of nodes in the tree, based on their relationship to other nodes. ![]() The tree consists of nodes, which can be either elements, attributes, text, or comments. XPath is based on a set of rules for traversing the document tree. In Selenium, XPath can be used to identify elements on a webpage by navigating the document’s hierarchy of nodes. XPath is a query language used to traverse XML and HTML documents. What is an XPATH? It’s a web scraper’s best friend and worst nightmare. In this case, I move to the element before clicking it. The ActionChains object allows you to chain multiple actions to an element in one statement. Webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(button).click(button).perform() Print('error trying to click button', button_xpath) DIARY_XPATH = '//span'īutton = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, button_xpath))) ![]() You can just use the nd_keys method.Ĭlicking the login button was a bit more complicated because I found the need to use an explicit wait to make extra sure the element is there before trying to click it. If you are lucky, the element can be uniquely defined by a name or an id as in this case. The By object is used to tell the driver how to find the element you want. Login = driver.find_element(By.ID, go to the diary page Password = driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'password') User_name = driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'username') Logging in to a web site with Selenium def log_in(driver): Notice that with driver.execute_script we can run Javascript on the browser. Window.outerHeight - window.innerHeight + arguments] def set_viewport_size(driver, width, height): By setting the size large enough, the problem was resolved. Very frustrating!īut eventually, I discovered that you can set the size of the viewport. But it would occasionally error on different elements each time. My first attempt to resolve this was to scroll to each element then move to the element before trying to interact with it. So if you try to interact with an element that is not in the viewport, you will get an error. The viewport refers to the visible area of the web page in your browser. Now a few words about the set_viewport_size function, but first I will take a deep breath and spend a few moments in my happy place. However, there will also be times when we will also want to use explicit waits as well. ![]() So this default waiting time will help avoid this problem. If your Selenium code gets ahead of the code behind the web page, you can get hit with the NoSuchElementException. Modern websites rely on code to run before all the elements are loaded. The implicitly_wait function is used to set a default time for the driver to wait before throwing a NoSuchElementException. I just found it to be the easiest to work with. So the nice thing is you can see the browser while the code is running and after. It will open a browser of your choice and automate it. Seems like a lot of imports, but they are all necessary. from selenium import webdriverįrom import Byįrom _chains import ActionChainsįrom import WebDriverWaitįrom import expected_conditions as ECįrom import Keys The full code can be found on the GitHub page here. Pandas was also the main tool for the data analysis with some graphs in Seaborn. However, I used the read_html() function from the Pandas module to extract the data from the web page. □ Selenium was great for logging in, navigating the calendar to move from day to day, and right-clicking items in the food diary to get to the detailed information. The tool I used for automation was Selenium. ![]() To scrape data off of an interactive site like cronometer, you need a tool that will automate interacting with the site.
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